forwardanalyzer.cpp

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/*
 * Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Cppcheck team.
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
#include "forwardanalyzer.h"
 
#include "analyzer.h"
#include "astutils.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "errorlogger.h"
#include "errortypes.h"
#include "mathlib.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "symboldatabase.h"
#include "token.h"
#include "tokenlist.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "valueptr.h"
#include "vfvalue.h"
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdio>
#include <functional>
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
namespace {
    struct ForwardTraversal {
        enum class Progress { Continue, Break, Skip };
        enum class Terminate { None, Bail, Inconclusive };
        ForwardTraversal(const ValuePtr<Analyzer>& analyzer, const TokenList& tokenList, ErrorLogger& errorLogger, const Settings& settings)
            : analyzer(analyzer), tokenList(tokenList), errorLogger(errorLogger), settings(settings)
        {}
        ValuePtr<Analyzer> analyzer;
        const TokenList& tokenList;
        ErrorLogger& errorLogger;
        const Settings& settings;
        Analyzer::Action actions;
        bool analyzeOnly{};
        bool analyzeTerminate{};
        Analyzer::Terminate terminate = Analyzer::Terminate::None;
        std::vector<Token*> loopEnds;
        int branchCount = 0;
 
        Progress Break(Analyzer::Terminate t = Analyzer::Terminate::None) {
            if ((!analyzeOnly || analyzeTerminate) && t != Analyzer::Terminate::None)
                terminate = t;
            return Progress::Break;
        }
 
        struct Branch {
            explicit Branch(Token* tok = nullptr) : endBlock(tok) {}
            Token* endBlock = nullptr;
            Analyzer::Action action = Analyzer::Action::None;
            bool check = false;
            bool escape = false;
            bool escapeUnknown = false;
            bool active = false;
            bool isEscape() const {
                return escape || escapeUnknown;
            }
            bool isConclusiveEscape() const {
                return escape && !escapeUnknown;
            }
            bool isModified() const {
                return action.isModified() && !isConclusiveEscape();
            }
            bool isInconclusive() const {
                return action.isInconclusive() && !isConclusiveEscape();
            }
            bool isDead() const {
                return action.isModified() || action.isInconclusive() || isEscape();
            }
        };
 
        bool stopUpdates() {
            analyzeOnly = true;
            return actions.isModified();
        }
 
        std::pair<bool, bool> evalCond(const Token* tok, const Token* ctx = nullptr) const {
            if (!tok)
                return std::make_pair(false, false);
            std::vector<MathLib::bigint> result = analyzer->evaluate(tok, ctx);
            // TODO: We should convert to bool
            const bool checkThen = std::any_of(result.cbegin(), result.cend(), [](int x) {
                return x != 0;
            });
            const bool checkElse = std::any_of(result.cbegin(), result.cend(), [](int x) {
                return x == 0;
            });
            return std::make_pair(checkThen, checkElse);
        }
 
        bool isConditionTrue(const Token* tok, const Token* ctx = nullptr) const {
            return evalCond(tok, ctx).first;
        }
 
        template<class T, class F, REQUIRES("T must be a Token class", std::is_convertible<T*, const Token*> )>
        Progress traverseTok(T* tok, const F &f, bool traverseUnknown, T** out = nullptr) {
            if (Token::Match(tok, "asm|goto"))
                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
            if (Token::Match(tok, "setjmp|longjmp (")) {
                // Traverse the parameters of the function before escaping
                traverseRecursive(tok->next()->astOperand2(), f, traverseUnknown);
                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
            }
            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "continue")) {
                if (loopEnds.empty())
                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Escape);
                // If we are in a loop then jump to the end
                if (out)
                    *out = loopEnds.back();
            } else if (Token::Match(tok, "return|throw")) {
                traverseRecursive(tok->astOperand2(), f, traverseUnknown);
                traverseRecursive(tok->astOperand1(), f, traverseUnknown);
                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Escape);
            } else if (Token::Match(tok, "%name% (") && isEscapeFunction(tok, &settings.library)) {
                // Traverse the parameters of the function before escaping
                traverseRecursive(tok->next()->astOperand2(), f, traverseUnknown);
                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Escape);
            } else if (isUnevaluated(tok->previous())) {
                if (out)
                    *out = tok->link();
                return Progress::Skip;
            } else if (tok->astOperand1() && tok->astOperand2() && Token::Match(tok, "?|&&|%oror%")) {
                if (traverseConditional(tok, f, traverseUnknown) == Progress::Break)
                    return Break();
                if (out)
                    *out = nextAfterAstRightmostLeaf(tok);
                return Progress::Skip;
                // Skip lambdas
            } else if (T* lambdaEndToken = findLambdaEndToken(tok)) {
                if (checkScope(lambdaEndToken).isModified())
                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                if (out)
                    *out = lambdaEndToken->next();
                // Skip class scope
            } else if (tok->str() == "{" && tok->scope() && tok->scope()->isClassOrStruct()) {
                if (out)
                    *out = tok->link();
            } else {
                if (f(tok) == Progress::Break)
                    return Break();
            }
            return Progress::Continue;
        }
 
        template<class T, class F, REQUIRES("T must be a Token class", std::is_convertible<T*, const Token*> )>
        Progress traverseRecursive(T* tok, const F &f, bool traverseUnknown, unsigned int recursion=0) {
            if (!tok)
                return Progress::Continue;
            if (recursion > 10000)
                return Progress::Skip;
            T* firstOp = tok->astOperand1();
            T* secondOp = tok->astOperand2();
            // Evaluate:
            //     1. RHS of assignment before LHS
            //     2. Unary op before operand
            //     3. Function arguments before function call
            if (tok->isAssignmentOp() || !secondOp || isFunctionCall(tok))
                std::swap(firstOp, secondOp);
            if (firstOp && traverseRecursive(firstOp, f, traverseUnknown, recursion+1) == Progress::Break)
                return Break();
            const Progress p = tok->isAssignmentOp() ? Progress::Continue : traverseTok(tok, f, traverseUnknown);
            if (p == Progress::Break)
                return Break();
            if (p == Progress::Continue && secondOp && traverseRecursive(secondOp, f, traverseUnknown, recursion+1) == Progress::Break)
                return Break();
            if (tok->isAssignmentOp() && traverseTok(tok, f, traverseUnknown) == Progress::Break)
                return Break();
            return Progress::Continue;
        }
 
        template<class T, class F, REQUIRES("T must be a Token class", std::is_convertible<T*, const Token*> )>
        Progress traverseConditional(T* tok, F f, bool traverseUnknown) {
            if (Token::Match(tok, "?|&&|%oror%") && tok->astOperand1() && tok->astOperand2()) {
                T* condTok = tok->astOperand1();
                T* childTok = tok->astOperand2();
                bool checkThen, checkElse;
                std::tie(checkThen, checkElse) = evalCond(condTok);
                if (!checkThen && !checkElse) {
                    if (!traverseUnknown && analyzer->stopOnCondition(condTok) && stopUpdates()) {
                        return Progress::Continue;
                    }
                    checkThen = true;
                    checkElse = true;
                }
                if (childTok->str() == ":") {
                    if (checkThen && traverseRecursive(childTok->astOperand1(), f, traverseUnknown) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                    if (checkElse && traverseRecursive(childTok->astOperand2(), f, traverseUnknown) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                } else {
                    if (!checkThen && tok->str() == "&&")
                        return Progress::Continue;
                    if (!checkElse && tok->str() == "||")
                        return Progress::Continue;
                    if (traverseRecursive(childTok, f, traverseUnknown) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                }
            }
            return Progress::Continue;
        }
 
        Progress update(Token* tok) {
            Analyzer::Action action = analyzer->analyze(tok, Analyzer::Direction::Forward);
            actions |= action;
            if (!action.isNone() && !analyzeOnly)
                analyzer->update(tok, action, Analyzer::Direction::Forward);
            if (action.isInconclusive() && !analyzer->lowerToInconclusive())
                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Inconclusive);
            if (action.isInvalid())
                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Modified);
            if (action.isWrite() && !action.isRead())
                // Analysis of this write will continue separately
                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Modified);
            return Progress::Continue;
        }
 
        Progress updateTok(Token* tok, Token** out = nullptr) {
            auto f = [this](Token* tok2) {
                return update(tok2);
            };
            return traverseTok(tok, f, false, out);
        }
 
        Progress updateRecursive(Token* tok) {
            auto f = [this](Token* tok2) {
                return update(tok2);
            };
            return traverseRecursive(tok, f, false);
        }
 
        Analyzer::Action analyzeRecursive(const Token* start) {
            Analyzer::Action result = Analyzer::Action::None;
            auto f = [&](const Token* tok) {
                result = analyzer->analyze(tok, Analyzer::Direction::Forward);
                if (result.isModified() || result.isInconclusive())
                    return Break();
                return Progress::Continue;
            };
            traverseRecursive(start, f, true);
            return result;
        }
 
        Analyzer::Action analyzeRange(const Token* start, const Token* end) const {
            Analyzer::Action result = Analyzer::Action::None;
            for (const Token* tok = start; tok && tok != end; tok = tok->next()) {
                Analyzer::Action action = analyzer->analyze(tok, Analyzer::Direction::Forward);
                if (action.isModified() || action.isInconclusive())
                    return action;
                result |= action;
            }
            return result;
        }
 
        ForwardTraversal fork(bool analyze = false) const {
            ForwardTraversal ft = *this;
            if (analyze) {
                ft.analyzeOnly = true;
                ft.analyzeTerminate = true;
            }
            ft.actions = Analyzer::Action::None;
            return ft;
        }
 
        std::vector<ForwardTraversal> tryForkScope(Token* endBlock, bool isModified = false) const {
            if (analyzer->updateScope(endBlock, isModified)) {
                ForwardTraversal ft = fork();
                return {std::move(ft)};
            }
            return std::vector<ForwardTraversal> {};
        }
 
        std::vector<ForwardTraversal> tryForkUpdateScope(Token* endBlock, bool isModified = false) const {
            std::vector<ForwardTraversal> result = tryForkScope(endBlock, isModified);
            for (ForwardTraversal& ft : result)
                ft.updateScope(endBlock);
            return result;
        }
 
        static bool hasGoto(const Token* endBlock) {
            return Token::findsimplematch(endBlock->link(), "goto", endBlock);
        }
 
        static bool hasJump(const Token* endBlock) {
            return Token::findmatch(endBlock->link(), "goto|break", endBlock);
        }
 
        bool hasInnerReturnScope(const Token* start, const Token* end) const {
            for (const Token* tok=start; tok != end; tok = tok->previous()) {
                if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "}")) {
                    const Token* ftok = nullptr;
                    const bool r = isReturnScope(tok, settings.library, &ftok);
                    if (r)
                        return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
 
        bool isEscapeScope(const Token* endBlock, bool& unknown) const {
            const Token* ftok = nullptr;
            const bool r = isReturnScope(endBlock, settings.library, &ftok);
            if (!r && ftok)
                unknown = true;
            return r;
        }
 
        enum class Status {
            None,
            Inconclusive,
        };
 
        Analyzer::Action analyzeScope(const Token* endBlock) const {
            return analyzeRange(endBlock->link(), endBlock);
        }
 
        Analyzer::Action checkScope(Token* endBlock) const {
            Analyzer::Action a = analyzeScope(endBlock);
            tryForkUpdateScope(endBlock, a.isModified());
            return a;
        }
 
        Analyzer::Action checkScope(const Token* endBlock) const {
            Analyzer::Action a = analyzeScope(endBlock);
            return a;
        }
 
        bool checkBranch(Branch& branch) const {
            Analyzer::Action a = analyzeScope(branch.endBlock);
            branch.action = a;
            std::vector<ForwardTraversal> ft1 = tryForkUpdateScope(branch.endBlock, a.isModified());
            const bool bail = hasGoto(branch.endBlock);
            if (!a.isModified() && !bail) {
                if (ft1.empty()) {
                    // Traverse into the branch to see if there is a conditional escape
                    if (!branch.escape && hasInnerReturnScope(branch.endBlock->previous(), branch.endBlock->link())) {
                        ForwardTraversal ft2 = fork(true);
                        ft2.updateScope(branch.endBlock);
                        if (ft2.terminate == Analyzer::Terminate::Escape) {
                            branch.escape = true;
                            branch.escapeUnknown = false;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    if (ft1.front().terminate == Analyzer::Terminate::Escape) {
                        branch.escape = true;
                        branch.escapeUnknown = false;
                    }
                }
            }
            return bail;
        }
 
        bool reentersLoop(Token* endBlock, const Token* condTok, const Token* stepTok) const {
            if (!condTok)
                return true;
            if (Token::simpleMatch(condTok, ":"))
                return true;
            bool stepChangesCond = false;
            if (stepTok) {
                std::pair<const Token*, const Token*> exprToks = stepTok->findExpressionStartEndTokens();
                if (exprToks.first != nullptr && exprToks.second != nullptr)
                    stepChangesCond |=
                        findExpressionChanged(condTok, exprToks.first, exprToks.second->next(), settings) != nullptr;
            }
            const bool bodyChangesCond = findExpressionChanged(condTok, endBlock->link(), endBlock, settings);
            // Check for mutation in the condition
            const bool condChanged =
                nullptr != findAstNode(condTok, [&](const Token* tok) {
                return isVariableChanged(tok, 0, settings);
            });
            const bool changed = stepChangesCond || bodyChangesCond || condChanged;
            if (!changed)
                return true;
            ForwardTraversal ft = fork(true);
            ft.updateScope(endBlock);
            return ft.isConditionTrue(condTok) && bodyChangesCond;
        }
 
        Progress updateInnerLoop(Token* endBlock, Token* stepTok, Token* condTok) {
            loopEnds.push_back(endBlock);
            OnExit oe{[&] {
                    loopEnds.pop_back();
                }};
            if (endBlock && updateScope(endBlock) == Progress::Break)
                return Break();
            if (stepTok && updateRecursive(stepTok) == Progress::Break)
                return Break();
            if (condTok && !Token::simpleMatch(condTok, ":") && updateRecursive(condTok) == Progress::Break)
                return Break();
            return Progress::Continue;
        }
 
        Progress updateLoop(const Token* endToken,
                            Token* endBlock,
                            Token* condTok,
                            Token* initTok = nullptr,
                            Token* stepTok = nullptr,
                            bool exit = false) {
            if (initTok && updateRecursive(initTok) == Progress::Break)
                return Break();
            const bool isDoWhile = precedes(endBlock, condTok);
            bool checkThen = true;
            bool checkElse = false;
            if (condTok && !Token::simpleMatch(condTok, ":"))
                std::tie(checkThen, checkElse) = evalCond(condTok, isDoWhile ? endBlock->previous() : nullptr);
            // exiting a do while(false)
            if (checkElse && exit) {
                if (hasJump(endBlock)) {
                    if (!analyzer->lowerToPossible())
                        return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                    if (analyzer->isConditional() && stopUpdates())
                        return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Conditional);
                }
                return Progress::Continue;
            }
            Analyzer::Action bodyAnalysis = analyzeScope(endBlock);
            Analyzer::Action allAnalysis = bodyAnalysis;
            Analyzer::Action condAnalysis;
            if (condTok) {
                condAnalysis = analyzeRecursive(condTok);
                allAnalysis |= condAnalysis;
            }
            if (stepTok)
                allAnalysis |= analyzeRecursive(stepTok);
            actions |= allAnalysis;
            // do while(false) is not really a loop
            if (checkElse && isDoWhile &&
                (condTok->hasKnownIntValue() ||
                 (!bodyAnalysis.isModified() && !condAnalysis.isModified() && condAnalysis.isRead()))) {
                if (updateScope(endBlock) == Progress::Break)
                    return Break();
                return updateRecursive(condTok);
            }
            if (allAnalysis.isInconclusive()) {
                if (!analyzer->lowerToInconclusive())
                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
            } else if (allAnalysis.isModified() || (exit && allAnalysis.isIdempotent())) {
                if (!analyzer->lowerToPossible())
                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
            }
 
            if (condTok && !Token::simpleMatch(condTok, ":")) {
                if (!isDoWhile || (!bodyAnalysis.isModified() && !bodyAnalysis.isIdempotent()))
                    if (updateRecursive(condTok) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
            }
            if (!checkThen && !checkElse && !isDoWhile && analyzer->stopOnCondition(condTok) && stopUpdates())
                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Conditional);
            // condition is false, we don't enter the loop
            if (checkElse)
                return Progress::Continue;
            if (checkThen || isDoWhile) {
                // Since we are re-entering the loop then assume the condition is true to update the state
                if (exit)
                    analyzer->assume(condTok, true, Analyzer::Assume::Quiet | Analyzer::Assume::Absolute);
                if (updateInnerLoop(endBlock, stepTok, condTok) == Progress::Break)
                    return Break();
                // If loop re-enters then it could be modified again
                if (allAnalysis.isModified() && reentersLoop(endBlock, condTok, stepTok))
                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                if (allAnalysis.isIncremental())
                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
            } else if (allAnalysis.isModified()) {
                std::vector<ForwardTraversal> ftv = tryForkScope(endBlock, allAnalysis.isModified());
                bool forkContinue = true;
                for (ForwardTraversal& ft : ftv) {
                    if (condTok)
                        ft.analyzer->assume(condTok, false, Analyzer::Assume::Quiet);
                    if (ft.updateInnerLoop(endBlock, stepTok, condTok) == Progress::Break)
                        forkContinue = false;
                }
 
                if (allAnalysis.isModified() || !forkContinue) {
                    // TODO: Don't bail on missing condition
                    if (!condTok)
                        return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                    if (analyzer->isConditional() && stopUpdates())
                        return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Conditional);
                    analyzer->assume(condTok, false);
                }
                if (forkContinue) {
                    for (ForwardTraversal& ft : ftv) {
                        if (!ft.actions.isIncremental())
                            ft.updateRange(endBlock, endToken);
                    }
                }
                if (allAnalysis.isIncremental())
                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
            } else {
                if (updateInnerLoop(endBlock, stepTok, condTok) == Progress::Break)
                    return Progress::Break;
                if (allAnalysis.isIncremental())
                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
            }
            return Progress::Continue;
        }
 
        Progress updateLoopExit(const Token* endToken,
                                Token* endBlock,
                                Token* condTok,
                                Token* initTok = nullptr,
                                Token* stepTok = nullptr) {
            return updateLoop(endToken, endBlock, condTok, initTok, stepTok, true);
        }
 
        Progress updateScope(Token* endBlock, int depth = 20)
        {
            if (!endBlock)
                return Break();
            assert(endBlock->link());
            Token* ctx = endBlock->link()->previous();
            if (Token::simpleMatch(ctx, ")"))
                ctx = ctx->link()->previous();
            if (ctx)
                analyzer->updateState(ctx);
            return updateRange(endBlock->link(), endBlock, depth);
        }
 
        Progress updateRange(Token* start, const Token* end, int depth = 20) {
            if (depth < 0)
                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
            std::size_t i = 0;
            for (Token* tok = start; precedes(tok, end); tok = tok->next()) {
                Token* next = nullptr;
                if (tok->index() <= i)
                    throw InternalError(tok, "Cyclic forward analysis.");
                i = tok->index();
 
                if (tok->link()) {
                    // Skip casts..
                    if (tok->str() == "(" && !tok->astOperand2() && tok->isCast()) {
                        tok = tok->link();
                        continue;
                    }
                    // Skip template arguments..
                    if (tok->str() == "<") {
                        tok = tok->link();
                        continue;
                    }
                }
 
                // Evaluate RHS of assignment before LHS
                if (Token* assignTok = assignExpr(tok)) {
                    if (updateRecursive(assignTok) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                    tok = nextAfterAstRightmostLeaf(assignTok);
                    if (!tok)
                        return Break();
                } else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, ") {") && Token::Match(tok->link()->previous(), "for|while (") &&
                           !Token::simpleMatch(tok->link()->astOperand2(), ":")) {
                    // In the middle of a loop structure so bail
                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                } else if (tok->str() == ";" && tok->astParent()) {
                    Token* top = tok->astTop();
                    if (top && Token::Match(top->previous(), "for|while (") && Token::simpleMatch(top->link(), ") {")) {
                        Token* endCond = top->link();
                        Token* endBlock = endCond->linkAt(1);
                        Token* condTok = getCondTok(top);
                        Token* stepTok = getStepTok(top);
                        // The semicolon should belong to the initTok otherwise something went wrong, so just bail
                        if (tok->astOperand2() != condTok && !Token::simpleMatch(tok->astOperand2(), ";"))
                            return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                        if (updateLoop(end, endBlock, condTok, nullptr, stepTok) == Progress::Break)
                            return Break();
                    }
                } else if (tok->str() == "break") {
                    const Token *scopeEndToken = findNextTokenFromBreak(tok);
                    if (!scopeEndToken)
                        return Break();
                    tok = skipTo(tok, scopeEndToken, end);
                    if (!precedes(tok, end))
                        return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Escape);
                    if (!analyzer->lowerToPossible())
                        return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                    // TODO: Don't break, instead move to the outer scope
                    if (!tok)
                        return Break();
                } else if (!tok->variable() && (Token::Match(tok, "%name% :") || tok->str() == "case")) {
                    if (!analyzer->lowerToPossible())
                        return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                } else if (tok->link() && tok->str() == "}") {
                    const Scope* scope = tok->scope();
                    if (!scope)
                        return Break();
                    if (contains({Scope::eDo, Scope::eFor, Scope::eWhile, Scope::eIf, Scope::eElse}, scope->type)) {
                        const bool inElse = scope->type == Scope::eElse;
                        const bool inDoWhile = scope->type == Scope::eDo;
                        const bool inLoop = contains({Scope::eDo, Scope::eFor, Scope::eWhile}, scope->type);
                        Token* condTok = getCondTokFromEnd(tok);
                        if (!condTok)
                            return Break();
                        if (!condTok->hasKnownIntValue() || inLoop) {
                            if (!analyzer->lowerToPossible())
                                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                        } else if (condTok->values().front().intvalue == inElse) {
                            return Break();
                        }
                        // Handle loop
                        if (inLoop) {
                            Token* stepTok = getStepTokFromEnd(tok);
                            bool checkThen, checkElse;
                            std::tie(checkThen, checkElse) = evalCond(condTok);
                            if (stepTok && !checkElse) {
                                if (updateRecursive(stepTok) == Progress::Break)
                                    return Break();
                                if (updateRecursive(condTok) == Progress::Break)
                                    return Break();
                                // Reevaluate condition
                                std::tie(checkThen, checkElse) = evalCond(condTok);
                            }
                            if (!checkElse) {
                                if (updateLoopExit(end, tok, condTok, nullptr, stepTok) == Progress::Break)
                                    return Break();
                            }
                        }
                        analyzer->assume(condTok, !inElse, Analyzer::Assume::Quiet);
                        assert(!inDoWhile || Token::simpleMatch(tok, "} while ("));
                        if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "} else {") || inDoWhile)
                            tok = tok->linkAt(2);
                    } else if (contains({Scope::eTry, Scope::eCatch}, scope->type)) {
                        if (!analyzer->lowerToPossible())
                            return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                    } else if (scope->type == Scope::eLambda) {
                        return Break();
                    }
                } else if (tok->isControlFlowKeyword() && Token::Match(tok, "if|while|for (") &&
                           Token::simpleMatch(tok->next()->link(), ") {")) {
                    if (settings.checkLevel == Settings::CheckLevel::normal && ++branchCount > 4) {
                        // TODO: should be logged on function-level instead of file-level
                        reportError(Severity::information, "normalCheckLevelMaxBranches", "Limiting analysis of branches. Use --check-level=exhaustive to analyze all branches.");
                        return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                    }
                    Token* endCond = tok->next()->link();
                    Token* endBlock = endCond->next()->link();
                    Token* condTok = getCondTok(tok);
                    Token* initTok = getInitTok(tok);
                    if (initTok && updateRecursive(initTok) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                    if (Token::Match(tok, "for|while (")) {
                        // For-range loop
                        if (Token::simpleMatch(condTok, ":")) {
                            Token* conTok = condTok->astOperand2();
                            if (conTok && updateRecursive(conTok) == Progress::Break)
                                return Break();
                            bool isEmpty = false;
                            std::vector<MathLib::bigint> result =
                                analyzer->evaluate(Analyzer::Evaluate::ContainerEmpty, conTok);
                            if (result.empty())
                                analyzer->assume(conTok, false, Analyzer::Assume::ContainerEmpty);
                            else
                                isEmpty = result.front() != 0;
                            if (!isEmpty && updateLoop(end, endBlock, condTok) == Progress::Break)
                                return Break();
                        } else {
                            Token* stepTok = getStepTok(tok);
                            // Dont pass initTok since it was already evaluated
                            if (updateLoop(end, endBlock, condTok, nullptr, stepTok) == Progress::Break)
                                return Break();
                        }
                        tok = endBlock;
                    } else {
                        // Traverse condition
                        if (updateRecursive(condTok) == Progress::Break)
                            return Break();
                        Branch thenBranch{endBlock};
                        Branch elseBranch{endBlock->tokAt(2) ? endBlock->linkAt(2) : nullptr};
                        // Check if condition is true or false
                        std::tie(thenBranch.check, elseBranch.check) = evalCond(condTok);
                        if (!thenBranch.check && !elseBranch.check && analyzer->stopOnCondition(condTok) && stopUpdates())
                            return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Conditional);
                        const bool hasElse = Token::simpleMatch(endBlock, "} else {");
                        bool bail = false;
 
                        // Traverse then block
                        thenBranch.escape = isEscapeScope(endBlock, thenBranch.escapeUnknown);
                        if (thenBranch.check) {
                            thenBranch.active = true;
                            if (updateScope(endBlock, depth - 1) == Progress::Break)
                                return Break();
                        } else if (!elseBranch.check) {
                            thenBranch.active = true;
                            if (checkBranch(thenBranch))
                                bail = true;
                        }
                        // Traverse else block
                        if (hasElse) {
                            elseBranch.escape = isEscapeScope(endBlock->linkAt(2), elseBranch.escapeUnknown);
                            if (elseBranch.check) {
                                elseBranch.active = true;
                                const Progress result = updateScope(endBlock->linkAt(2), depth - 1);
                                if (result == Progress::Break)
                                    return Break();
                            } else if (!thenBranch.check) {
                                elseBranch.active = true;
                                if (checkBranch(elseBranch))
                                    bail = true;
                            }
                            tok = endBlock->linkAt(2);
                        } else {
                            tok = endBlock;
                        }
                        if (thenBranch.active)
                            actions |= thenBranch.action;
                        if (elseBranch.active)
                            actions |= elseBranch.action;
                        if (bail)
                            return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                        if (thenBranch.isDead() && elseBranch.isDead()) {
                            if (thenBranch.isModified() && elseBranch.isModified())
                                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Modified);
                            if (thenBranch.isConclusiveEscape() && elseBranch.isConclusiveEscape())
                                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Escape);
                            return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                        }
                        // Conditional return
                        if (thenBranch.active && thenBranch.isEscape() && !hasElse) {
                            if (!thenBranch.isConclusiveEscape()) {
                                if (!analyzer->lowerToInconclusive())
                                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                            } else if (thenBranch.check) {
                                return Break();
                            } else {
                                if (analyzer->isConditional() && stopUpdates())
                                    return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Conditional);
                                analyzer->assume(condTok, false);
                            }
                        }
                        if (thenBranch.isInconclusive() || elseBranch.isInconclusive()) {
                            if (!analyzer->lowerToInconclusive())
                                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                        } else if (thenBranch.isModified() || elseBranch.isModified()) {
                            if (!hasElse && analyzer->isConditional() && stopUpdates())
                                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Conditional);
                            if (!analyzer->lowerToPossible())
                                return Break(Analyzer::Terminate::Bail);
                            analyzer->assume(condTok, elseBranch.isModified());
                        }
                    }
                } else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "try {")) {
                    Token* endBlock = tok->next()->link();
                    ForwardTraversal tryTraversal = fork();
                    tryTraversal.updateScope(endBlock, depth - 1);
                    bool bail = tryTraversal.actions.isModified();
                    if (bail) {
                        actions = tryTraversal.actions;
                        terminate = tryTraversal.terminate;
                        return Break();
                    }
 
                    while (Token::simpleMatch(endBlock, "} catch (")) {
                        Token* endCatch = endBlock->linkAt(2);
                        if (!Token::simpleMatch(endCatch, ") {"))
                            return Break();
                        endBlock = endCatch->linkAt(1);
                        ForwardTraversal ft = fork();
                        ft.updateScope(endBlock, depth - 1);
                        bail |= ft.terminate != Analyzer::Terminate::None || ft.actions.isModified();
                    }
                    if (bail)
                        return Break();
                    tok = endBlock;
                } else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "do {")) {
                    Token* endBlock = tok->next()->link();
                    Token* condTok = Token::simpleMatch(endBlock, "} while (") ? endBlock->tokAt(2)->astOperand2() : nullptr;
                    if (updateLoop(end, endBlock, condTok) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                    if (condTok)
                        tok = endBlock->linkAt(2)->next();
                    else
                        tok = endBlock;
                } else if (Token::Match(tok, "assert|ASSERT (")) {
                    const Token* condTok = tok->next()->astOperand2();
                    bool checkThen, checkElse;
                    std::tie(checkThen, checkElse) = evalCond(condTok);
                    if (checkElse)
                        return Break();
                    if (!checkThen)
                        analyzer->assume(condTok, true, Analyzer::Assume::Quiet | Analyzer::Assume::Absolute);
                } else if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "switch (")) {
                    if (updateRecursive(tok->next()->astOperand2()) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                    return Break();
                } else if (Token* callTok = callExpr(tok)) {
                    // TODO: Dont traverse tokens a second time
                    if (start != callTok && tok != callTok && updateRecursive(callTok->astOperand1()) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                    // Since the call could be an unknown macro, traverse the tokens as a range instead of recursively
                    if (!Token::simpleMatch(callTok, "( )") &&
                        updateRange(callTok->next(), callTok->link(), depth - 1) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                    if (updateTok(callTok) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                    tok = callTok->link();
                    if (!tok)
                        return Break();
                } else {
                    if (updateTok(tok, &next) == Progress::Break)
                        return Break();
                    if (next) {
                        if (precedes(next, end))
                            tok = next->previous();
                        else
                            return Progress::Continue;
                    }
                }
                // Prevent infinite recursion
                if (tok->next() == start)
                    break;
            }
            return Progress::Continue;
        }
 
        void reportError(Severity severity, const std::string& id, const std::string& msg) {
            ErrorMessage::FileLocation loc(tokenList.getSourceFilePath(), 0, 0);
            const ErrorMessage errmsg({std::move(loc)}, tokenList.getSourceFilePath(), severity, msg, id, Certainty::normal);
            errorLogger.reportErr(errmsg);
        }
 
        static bool isFunctionCall(const Token* tok)
        {
            if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok, "("))
                return false;
            if (tok->isCast())
                return false;
            if (!tok->isBinaryOp())
                return false;
            if (Token::simpleMatch(tok->link(), ") {"))
                return false;
            if (isUnevaluated(tok->previous()))
                return false;
            return Token::Match(tok->previous(), "%name%|)|]|>");
        }
 
        static Token* assignExpr(Token* tok) {
            while (tok->astParent() && astIsLHS(tok)) {
                if (tok->astParent()->isAssignmentOp())
                    return tok->astParent();
                tok = tok->astParent();
            }
            return nullptr;
        }
 
        static Token* callExpr(Token* tok)
        {
            while (tok->astParent() && astIsLHS(tok)) {
                if (!Token::Match(tok, "%name%|::|<|."))
                    break;
                if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, "<") && !tok->link())
                    break;
                tok = tok->astParent();
            }
            if (isFunctionCall(tok))
                return tok;
            return nullptr;
        }
 
        static Token* skipTo(Token* tok, const Token* dest, const Token* end = nullptr) {
            if (end && dest->index() > end->index())
                return nullptr;
            const int i = dest->index() - tok->index();
            if (i > 0)
                return tok->tokAt(dest->index() - tok->index());
            return nullptr;
        }
 
        static Token* getStepTokFromEnd(Token* tok) {
            if (!Token::simpleMatch(tok, "}"))
                return nullptr;
            Token* end = tok->link()->previous();
            if (!Token::simpleMatch(end, ")"))
                return nullptr;
            return getStepTok(end->link());
        }
    };
}
 
Analyzer::Result valueFlowGenericForward(Token* start, const Token* end, const ValuePtr<Analyzer>& a, const TokenList& tokenList, ErrorLogger& errorLogger, const Settings& settings)
{
    if (a->invalid())
        return Analyzer::Result{Analyzer::Action::None, Analyzer::Terminate::Bail};
    ForwardTraversal ft{a, tokenList, errorLogger, settings};
    if (start)
        ft.analyzer->updateState(start);
    ft.updateRange(start, end);
    return Analyzer::Result{ ft.actions, ft.terminate };
}
 
Analyzer::Result valueFlowGenericForward(Token* start, const ValuePtr<Analyzer>& a, const TokenList& tokenList, ErrorLogger& errorLogger, const Settings& settings)
{
    if (Settings::terminated())
        throw TerminateException();
    if (a->invalid())
        return Analyzer::Result{Analyzer::Action::None, Analyzer::Terminate::Bail};
    ForwardTraversal ft{a, tokenList, errorLogger, settings};
    (void)ft.updateRecursive(start);
    return Analyzer::Result{ ft.actions, ft.terminate };
}